TechPression

Category: 5G

  • Zain KSA Announces GeForce NOW Cloud Game, in Partnership with NVIDIA

    Zain KSA Announces GeForce NOW Cloud Game, in Partnership with NVIDIA

    Zain which is Saudi Arabia’s leading telecommunications provider has announced that its subscribers will soon be able to access the GeForce NOW cloud game library from Zain KSA and enjoy the most powerful cloud gaming features courtesy of its partnership with NVIDIA, the leading provider of cloud computing solutions, across many markets in the region.

    This announcement was made following the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona (MWC). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through this collaboration is set to become a regional epicentre for world-class e-gaming and cloud gaming experiences.

    Following this strategic partnership, Zain KSA subscribers will be able to enjoy a wide range of cloud-based games, over a mind-blowing 5G network and without the hassle of owning and maintaining their own gaming rigs, via GeForce NOW from Zain KSA.

    About GeForce Now

    GeForce NOW is a cloud-based game streaming service powered by NVIDIA, delivering real-time gameplay right out of the cloud to the player’s laptop, desktop, Mac, SHIELD TV, iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Players can connect to their NVIDIA store accounts and stream from their library of games, or play their favorite free-to-play games with amazing GeForce quality.

    With GeForce NOW cloud game, gamers can run games on remote servers and stream them directly to their devices. The actual game is stored, executed, and rendered on the remote operator’s servers without the need for high-capability end-user devices.
    Mr. Rayan bin Abdullah Al-Turki, Chief Communications Officer at Zain Saudi Arabia, said: “We are working in Zain Saudi Arabia to contribute to shaping the digital future, and in particular entertainment, for future generations, especially in the field of cloud games, which are witnessing widespread and widespread popularity.

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    In the Kingdom and the countries of the region. After the pioneering experience of GeForce NOW service in the Kingdom, Zain Saudi Arabia’s cloud gaming system and the technical progress it provides, as well as the experience we have accumulated in the local market, have become a requirement of regional telecom operators and their subscribers, including gaming enthusiasts and professionals.

    By strengthening our cooperation with NVIDIA, we will provide the countries of the region with an integrated digital experience that enriches the digital entertainment sector in general, and redefines the concept of electronic games by providing a unique gaming experience that does not require any equipment, storage or advanced processing requirements, but rather incorporates the latest technologies With the best content and the easiest access from anywhere and on any device.”

    What The Partnership Means For GeForce Now

    Commenting on the partnership, Richard Lamond, GeForce NOW & SHIELD Director of Sales, NVIDIA EMEA, said: “By facilitating direct communication with the GeForce gaming platform in the cloud, more than 1,000 games can be listened to across Steam, Epic and Ubisoft Game Stores; Now the GeForce NOW platform has expanded to more than 80 countries around the world.” He added, “We partnered with Zain Saudi Arabia to launch the GeForce NOW platform in Saudi Arabia last year, and we are pleased to work with them to expand the service to Kuwait, Jordan and Oman in the coming months.”

    By strengthening this strategic partnership, Zain KSA leverages its products and services to contribute to the goals of Vision 2030 and achieve the Kingdom’s digital transformation through a safe and secure system that protects the rights and data of all partners. This is in line with Zain KSA’s strategy to become a leading digital service provider with state-of-the-art solutions that keep pace with future requirements and anticipate future technical challenges.

    It is worthy of note that Zain Saudi Arabia has designed an advanced infrastructure that contributed to Riyadh being ranked first among the capitals of the world in the speed of the fifth-generation (5G) internet, which reached a rate of 317.3 megabits per second, ahead of Tokyo and Dublin. Since its launch of the largest 5G network, it currently covers 51 cities through more than 5,000 towers.

  • Galaxy Backbone Provides Technology Services for Nigeria’s Digital Infrastructure 

    Galaxy Backbone Provides Technology Services for Nigeria’s Digital Infrastructure 

    “Show me someone who has done something important, and I will show you, someone, who can endure adversity,” stated Lou Holtz, a former American player, and Head Coach.

    The Galaxy Backbone in Nigeria serves as network communications and data hosting infrastructure platform for both governmental and commercial sector organizations. ICT and telecoms companies faced an outage on their infrastructure just a few weeks ago. This catastrophe put the company’s facilities, service reliability, and ability to manage customer experience to the test. Most importantly, the outage put the Galaxy Backbone crew to the test (GBB).

    In all of these instances, the organization stood strong, resolving the outage and restoring normalcy to the affected organizations’ operations.

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    Customers, stakeholders, and a vast diversity of worldwide service providers who operate the type of infrastructure that Galaxy Backbone provides understand that no infrastructure is perfect. What’s important is to have a partner that can lead them through any challenges that may arise and help them handle them quickly and effectively. GBB has proved this in the lives of its customers and other stakeholders, and it continues to do so.

    What We Know About Galaxy Backbone

    GBB began operations in 2007 and has since concentrated on strengthening and enhancing its service infrastructure to ensure that its operations and management continuously reach world-class standards. A lot of investment has been made in the area of enhancing and expanding this infrastructure, not just in the Federal Capital Territory, where GBB currently has the largest fibre cable roll-out, but also across the country, thanks to the intervention of the Federal Government and a number of global partners. It continues to install fiber optic cables and construct world-class data centers around the country in order to improve Internet services for small enterprises, government institutions, and residences, as well as grow broadband penetration and raise people’s living standards.

    GBB’s Network Communications Infrastructure, which is capable of addressing the changing needs of its clients in the environment in which they find themselves, is one of the organization’s key areas of focus, which it has developed and enhanced over the years. Its cutting-edge Network Monitoring & Management Centre aids in the management and control of its clients’ connectivity and unified communications experiences in the public sector.

    The Key Goals of Galaxy Backbone Current Activities

    • Strengthen GBB’s service delivery capabilities; and
    • Position GBB as a critical partner to service providers in both the public and private sectors.

    The speed of connectivity will be greatly improved in a short period, with high-speed fiber optic cables being laid in over 20 states of the Federation and more to be deployed in other regions of the country over the next 24 months. In addition, eLTE base stations have been installed in a number of places across the country. Customers will have credible alternatives based on their specific areas.

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     For businesses, estates, and residences, this delivers superb multimedia communications services for phone, SMS, data, and video. The most essential feature is that it can be modified to work with a 5G network.

    Since its creation, GBB has been operating the sole Uptime certified Tier III data center inside the nation’s public sector with no record of downtime. This Tier III data center was built and outfitted with best-in-class equipment to improve the colocation and managed services experience for all customers that have their applications or servers hosted on that infrastructure.

  • Zimbabwe launches 5G network with Ericsson and ZTE

    Zimbabwe launches 5G network with Ericsson and ZTE

     

    In collaboration with major technological infrastructure providers Ericsson and ZTE, Econet Wireless, Zimbabwe’s leading telecommunications carrier, introduced high-speed Fifth Generation (5G) mobile broadband technology yesterday. Econet is the first mobile network operator in the country to offer the service, which will begin in Harare – the country’s capital.

    Econet, which has invested more than $3 billion in infrastructure development since its establishment, wants to roll out 5G to the rest of the country this year after the Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (Potraz) granted it test spectrum in different bands for 5G technology services.

    To enable Econet accomplish a seamless transition from 3 and 4G networks to 5G, Ericsson has developed a standard Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) platform. The company stated initial 5G service would be rolled out for individual and enterprise users in Harare at an event announcing the technology launch in Harare.

    Dr Douglas Mboweni, Econet chief executive, said the 5G deployment was a significant milestone for the company and a crucial enabler for Zimbabwe’s transition to a fully digital economy.

    “5G technology will change the way we all live and work,” he said. “It will provide customers with significantly more network capacity, ultra-low latency, and super-fast broadband speeds, opening up vast possibilities for our individual, business, and enterprise customers.”

    The new technology will provide much quicker rates than previous broadband technologies, up to 100 times faster.

    “The technology allows many devices to be connected at the same time, allowing for new automation possibilities, seamless communication, and interconnection across multiple smart devices, generally referred to as the internet of things (IoT),” Dr Mboweni explained.

    Mr Kezito Makuni – Econet’s chief operating officer, said the service introduction would enable the business to satisfy growing data demand while also complementing its growing 4G network, boosting overall mobile connection for Econet consumers.

    “Our 5G network will enable us to address present demand for mobile broadband services while also offering new use cases,” Mr Makuni said.

    Econet’s debut of 5G solidifies its position as Zimbabwe technology and telecoms leader, having been the first to deploy 3G and 4G services.

    The Zimbabwe Stock Exchange-listed company has long been a pioneer in infrastructure investment in 2G, 3G, and 4G, according to industry regulator Potraz sector performance reports.

    Dr Gift Machengete, the director-general of Potraz, who was the guest of honour at the inaugural ceremony, praised Econet for delivering 5G to Zimbabwe when demand for data and telecom services was still strong.

    He claimed that the arrival of super-fast technology in Zimbabwe signalled that the “future has finally arrived” and that the technology would usher in industrial and societal transformation.

    “5G is the nervous system of the digital economy,” he said. “Everything, whether biological, mechanical, or chemical, will have to be connected somehow, anywhere, anytime, with zero delays and nearly unlimited capacity.”

    However, he noted that for the country to fully benefit from 5G, including e-Health, smart transportation and logistics, smart energy networks, smart agriculture, and smart retail, the telecommunications sector will require foreign currency support for network expansion purchase critical core network software.

    “Because 5G would be an overlay network, requiring a new cycle of network rollout with demand for forex investment, the industry will need to be prioritized in foreign currency allocation.”

    “On this point, I would like to ask the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to give special attention to the communication sector and actively promote 5G implementation by allocating foreign currency resources to the sector on a timely basis,” Dr Machengete said.

  • NCC contemplating more 5G licenses after MTN and Mafab paid $273.6 million

    NCC contemplating more 5G licenses after MTN and Mafab paid $273.6 million

    The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) suggest the possibility of adding three more 5G licenses before 2024. This announcement was made by the Executive Vice Chairman of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), Umar Danbatta. MTN Nigeria and Mafab Communication paid a sum of $273.6 million each for the 5G license won in December 2021.

    Mafab and MTN Nigeria emerged as the two winning bidders of the 3,5 gigahertz (GHz) spectrum auction for the deployment of 5G technology in Nigeria in December 2021, following 11 rounds of bidding that lasted eight hours.

    The payment status was officially certified by Umar Danbatta, the NCC’s executive vice-chairman, on Thursday, just as the deadline for the two winners of the spectrum auction passed.

    “I wish to publicly inform that NCC has received and confirmed payments from MTN and Mafab for their  1 slot of 100Mhz each in the 3.5Ghz spectrum auction, which was successfully conducted by the Commission on December 13, 2021, “Danbatta said in a statement.

    They both met the Commission’s deadline on February 24, 2022. “As a result of this, on behalf of the Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, the NCC Board and Management, I would like to congratulate MTN and Mafab on this achievement, as we look forward to completing other deployment timelines in the 5G deployment roadmap, as articulated in the National Policy on 5G Networks for Nigeria’s Digital Economy.”

    According to the report, MTN paid an additional $15.9 million for the preferred Lot 1 (3500-3600 Megahertz-MHz) in the 3.5Ghz spectrum, while Mafab Communications settled for Lot 2 (3700-3800Mhz) at no extra cost, according to Danbatta.

    Danbatta praised the two companies for their dedication to achieving the payment deadline.

    This, he claims, demonstrates the Nigerian telecommunications sector’s sound regulatory framework.

     

  • A Trojan horse for Android devices called Xenomorph has the ability to compromise over 56 different financial apps.

    A Trojan horse for Android devices called Xenomorph has the ability to compromise over 56 different financial apps.

    Threatfabric, an online fraud detection business, recently disclosed that over 50,000 Android users have installed a Trojan that is capable of targeting over fifty-six banking apps.

    The Xenomorph, an alien species, inspired the name of this malware. At the moment, it only offers a few possibilities. However, the trojan appears to be in its early stages of development. It is reasonable to assume that the next version will be more capable.

    According to ThreatFabric, the fact that this malware continues to request repeated logins may indicate that it is not yet ready. The malware could have been created by the individuals responsible for the initial alien species, or it could have been created by someone who knows which code was used in the original version.

    By installing rogue apps from the Google Play Store for Android, the malware can be installed on a device. Recently, an app purporting to speed up a smartphone was discovered to have been previously controlled by a trojan and was effectively used to target over 50,000 consumers under the moniker Fast Cleaner.

     

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    After infiltrating the system, the Xenomorph is able to extract all personal data, including text messages. It is even capable of preventing the victim from uninstalling the application. This is a simple method for malware to take control of the system.

    The software can even steal banking information by displaying a counterfeit login window. With access to a user’s text messages, the malware can infiltrate other programmes without requiring a two-factor authentication.

    It operates by routing downloaded overlays for various financial applications to its command and control centre. This centre provides the user with a bogus log-in page that collects the user’s information.

     

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    According to ThreatFabric, the virus communicates with its command and control centre only the overlay, not the logged data. The trojan has thus far targeted applications from a variety of nations, including Spain, Italy, and Belgium.

    Additionally, ThreatFabric stated that the malware has a great deal of potential to evolve into a more dangerous form. Future versions of this malware may be capable of stealing further data.

  • OnwardMobility discards the 5G BlackBerry project following the loss of the rights to the BlackBerry brand.

    OnwardMobility discards the 5G BlackBerry project following the loss of the rights to the BlackBerry brand.

    It was only last month that it was confirmed that a new BlackBerry 5G phone with a keyboard would be released this year. This was supposed to be the first BlackBerry smartphone in years, but it appears that the device has been canceled after OnwardMobility lost the rights to the BlackBerry name.

    OnwardMobility was announced as the latest licensee for the BB brand for smartphones in August 2020. While the BlackBerry 5G phone was delayed, OnwardMobility insisted that it was on its way. However, according to an AndroidPolice report, the 5G BB project appears to be dead. The news comes from Kevin Michaluk, the founder of CrackBerry, and other sources have revealed that OnwardMobility will no longer work on the project.



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    Despite having obtained a license to use the American phone maker’s name, the company is said to have canceled the project. Furthermore, BlackBerry is attempting to distance itself from its previous identity as a smartphone vendor, having sold the remainder of its mobile patents earlier this month for 600 million US dollars. While there have been no leaks of OnwardMobility’s 5G BlackBerry phone, it was expected to have a design similar to the previously launched BB Priv, which was an Android slider phone.

     

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    For those who are unaware, the new 5G BB phone was supposed to be released in mid-2021, but it was delayed due to supply chain issues, which led to BlackBerry CEO John Chen changing his decision to have another OEM try to revive the brand on another smartphone. As a result of OnwardMobility losing the license to its name, we may not see another BlackBerry phone for quite some time.

  • South African Government Proposes Free, Monthly Data For Every Household

    South African Government Proposes Free, Monthly Data For Every Household

    In order to enhance internet penetration and technology adoption in South Africa, the government is offering every household, 10GB of free data every month. Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies, announced this plan. On the 15th of February, during her state of the nation debate, the Minister ascertained that technology advancements such as 5G and the scheduled auction of the new data spectrum would result in the provision of the ‘prescribed minimum data’ to the home by the government.

    “Data has become a new utility like water and electricity that our home needs. At some point, a South African household, despite whether they are rich or poor, will be given access to 10GB per month, because that is what the government will deliver.”

    Khumbudzo Ntshavheni

    This further demonstrates the government’s position, as stated by President Cyril Ramaphosa in his state of the nation address. Previously, the government considered low-income users for free basic data. The country has one of the highest costs per gigabyte of data in Africa and about 57 percent internet penetration. There is a general feeling for making internet access highly accessible.
    Techpression has previously reported harmonising the broadband connection rules nationally and the continuation of spectrum auction. This announcement further provides the required input for technology advancement in the country. South Africa needs a rapid uptake of the 5G technology considering the dismal 0.7 per cent penetration despite having about 91 per cent of smartphone usage as of 2020. The increased penetration will stimulate the realization that internet access should be a human right.

     

    Read Also South Africa: Lawsuit will not stop the spectrum auction

     

    Furthermore, the year 2023.24 has been set by the plan to make high-speed broadband accessible and available in every community. This move will further enhance the penetration of fixed wireless broadband, which remains abysmal in the country. According to ITU, the country is struggling with fixed broadband penetration at 2.2 per 100 inhabitants in 2020. Countries like Mauritius, Tunisia, and Egypt outperform South Africa in broadband for homes. With the 10GB allocation to households, internet availability will penetrate the entire country and stimulate technological growth in the country.

    Despite this announcement, the modalities and implementation manner have yet to be released. Some industry watchers have suggested the implementation to be like the stipends given on electricity and water as part of the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure’s (DPWI) national infrastructural plan.

    Despite the vagueness of the implementation, this move is impressive and will further strengthen the technology investment and adoption in South Africa compared to other African countries. Countries like Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana, Egypt, Nigeria, and Cameroon can emulate this move to enhance their internet penetration.

  • Nigeria’s 5G spectrum will provide high-speed data according to NIEE

    Nigeria’s 5G spectrum will provide high-speed data according to NIEE

    The adoption of the 5G network in Nigeria is pegged on its huge population, half of whom are poor. As of March 2021, there were at least 78.61 million 3G/4G mobile broadband subscriptions in Nigeria, according to Statista. This is a decrease when compared to figures from the previous month, but an increase from the 76 million subscribers during the same period in 2020, the data agency states on its website.

    The Nigerian Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (NIEEE) has praised the leadership of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) for leading the way in Africa’s 5G rollout.

    In a statement signed by Engr. Kings Adeyemi, the Engineering body singled out Executive Vice Chairman, Prof Umar Garba Danbatta, and the entire management staff of the Commission for praise.

    “Spectrum availability, investor-friendly regulatory policy, and stakeholder awareness are all major criteria for the 5G journey. The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) consulted with relevant stakeholders ahead of the Federal Executive Council’s (FEC) adoption of the Development of a Policy for the Deployment of 5G in Nigeria,” he said.

    “We take this opportunity to congratulate NCC’s whole management team, led by Executive Vice Chairman/CEO Engr. Prof. Umar Garba Danbatta FNSE, FRAES, FAEng, FNIEEE. By putting the 5G wheel in action, NCC displayed high-level qualities of a world-class regulator.
    “In 2019, a Proof of Concept (PoC) trial will be conducted in response to the recently successful auction of 5G spectrum in the 3.5GHz band,” according to the statement.
    To put things in context, the respected group said that “this astounding landmark achievement was achieved by NCC at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic continues to compel the postponement of numerous highly anticipated 5G spectrum auctions throughout the world.”

    Commending the Commission’s in-house experts for selecting the frequencies of 3.5–3.6 GHz and 3.7–3.8 GHz. Engr Adeyemi stated that frequencies between 3.3 and 4.2 GHz (3GPP Band 78) are being used as the foundation for the initial 5G deployments around the world.

    “This decision allays concerns about 5G services interfering with present airplane operations.” In some countries.


    “The NCC’s decision to use the 3.5 GHz band has adequately protected civil aircraft altimeters, which typically operate in the 4.2–4.4 GHz range,” he explains.

    “From an expert’s standpoint, the choice of two (2) slots of 100 MHz (TDD) bandwidth each on the 3.5 GHz band (precisely 3GPP Band 78) is a highly admirable decision to establish a 5G network,” the Chairman continued.


    According to him, such a large channel capacity is essential to achieve the multi-Gbps data speeds required by a 5G network.

    “It has been scientifically demonstrated that broader routes reduce network density, cutting the cost of 5G services for users.” Other benefits include fewer base stations and reduced environmental effects. The 3.5 GHz band is the greatest option for balancing capacity and performance.

  • Orange gets 5G spectrum in Egypt

    Orange gets 5G spectrum in Egypt

    Orange Egypt has gained new frequencies. The National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA) offered 30MHz in the frequency space of 2,600MHz with a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system. The frequencies were acquired for $440 million. While the government is expected to use this revenue for mobile phone services, Orange can deploy both 4G and 5G services on the network.

    The company was part of the group that secured the allocation of new frequency bands 80MHz within the 2,600MHz band, through TDD. Other companies involved include Etisalat Egypt, Egypt Telecom (WE), and Vodafone Egypt. This scheme resulted in an income of $1.61billion for the government.

    Read Also : South Africa: Lawsuit will not stop the spectrum auction

    The strategic focus of this exercise is to improve the quality of telecommunication services. It is believed that Egypt would experience a rise in network-readiness level.

    “In fact, this process would help to meet the increasing demand on telecom services in Egypt’s market, would also uphold digital information and pave the way for Digital Egypt.” (NTRA)

    In 2020, local media asserted that Orange missed the acquisition of new frequencies. They were the only telecommunication company that missed the opportunity. In that bid, Orange lost out in the auction to Etisalat. Hence, competitors such as Vodafone Egypt bought two 20-MHz bands, while Telecom Egypt and Etisalat Misr got two 10-MHz bands each.

    Orange Egypt is the second biggest mobile operator in Egypt. The company has 27 per cent of the market according to Omdia with Vodafone Egypt having 43 per cent. Of the market. While Etisalat had 22 per cent.

  • 5G Network In Africa

    5G Network In Africa

    Buried deep in every individual is the fear of being left behind by society. We see this in the way people run after trends. People keep running to meet up societal standards of perfection in various aspects of life. This constant need to improve and do more has moved us from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations of technology to the computer age that is now called, 5G. Calendar

    What is 5G Technology

    5G network is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation. 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps(gigabytes per second) peak data speed, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience.

    It was gathered in a study conducted by Viavi Solutions in February of 2021 that the 5G network is no longer a myth as many countries have already gone past the testing phase and that the 5th generation of computers is forcefully advancing.

    Commercial 5G is now available in 1.336 cities in 61 countries across the world, equal to an increase of 350% on 2020 data, which listed just 376 cities possessing this technology. The growth of 5G has reached 30% of the world population with China, America, Asia, Europe, and Africa as groundbreakers in this astonishing age of fifth-generation technology.

    List of African countries with 5G network

    According to GSMA (Global System for Mobile Communications- an organization representing mobile network operators worldwide), Safaricom launched 5G network in Kenya in February 2021. This makes Kenya the second country in Africa to launch 5G after South Africa’s 5G roll out in 2020.

    In South Africa, Vodacom launched its commercial 5G network in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Pretoria in May 2020. In June 2020, MTN launched the 5G technology in 100 sites across
    Johannesburg, Cape Town, Bloemfontein, and Port Elizabeth.

    5G Network in Nigeria

    5G Network in Nigeria
    In Nigeria, NCC (Nigeria communication commission) surpassed the price it sold GSM licenses over 20 years ago in the auction of its 2 available lots of 100 MHz TDD slots of 3.5GHz band ranging from 3500-3600 MHz and 3700-3800 MHz.

    The bid for 3.5GHz license spectrum at Transcorp Hilton where Professor Danbata, the vice-chairman of NCC announced that after 11 rounds of bidding which lasted for 8 hours, Mafab Communications Ltd and MTN Nigeria Plc, emerged the two successful winners of the 3.5 gigahertz (GHz) spectrum auction for the deployment of Fifth Generation (5G) technology to support the delivery of Ubiquitous broadband services in Nigeria.

    The winners of the auction of the 3.5 GHz license spectrum MTN Nigeria and MAFAB Communications Ltd, would pay the sum of $273.6 million as full payment of the license fee before February 24, 2022, and roll out 5G network across Nigeria.

    In this fifth generation, VLSI (Very large scale Integration) technology has become ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

    In Conclusion

    There are several technology corporations like Qualcomm, (a multinational technology corporation that has over the years, spearheaded ground-breaking research especially in Al (Artificial Intelligence), wireless technology and mobile communication standards) who, building on their 3G and 4G technology leadership, continue to spearhead research for the 5G evolution.

    Their efforts are leading to the invention of technologies that will unlock the full potential of 5G and enable an even more intelligently connected future for humanity.